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Health Conditions

Menopause

References

Albertazzi P, Bottazzi M, Purdie DW. Gabapentin for the management of hot flushes: a case series. Menopause. 2003;10(3):214-217.

American Heart Association. AHA Media Advisory: Response to Heart and Estrogen-Progestin Replacement Study Follow-up (HERS II) published in July 3 2002 Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). July 1, 2002. Available at: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3003570. Accessed December 3, 2004.

American Heart Association. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease in women. No date given. Available at: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4536. Accessed December 3, 2004.

Andrews WC. The transitional years and beyond. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1995;85:1-7.

Ansbacher R, Carson DS, Lourwood DL, et al. Pharmacist's Guide to Managing Menopause. Amherst, NJ: Center for Pharmaceutical Care at Amherst. 1995.

Association of Reproductive Health Professionals. July 2004. Clinical Proceedings: The physiology of menopause. Available at: http://www.arhp.org/healthcareproviders/cme/onlinecme/hormonetherapy/physiology.cfm. Accessed November 30, 2004.

Barton D, La VB, Loprinzi C, Novotny P, Wilwerding MB, Sloan J. Venlafaxine for the control of hot flashes: results of a longitudinal continuation study. Oncology Nursing Forum. 2002;29(1):33-40.

Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Hormone replacement therapy and risk of malignancy. Current Opinion on Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2004;16(1):73-78.

Emons G, Huschmand-Nia A, Krauss T, Hinney B. Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer. Onkologie. 2004;27(2):207-210.

Espeland MA, Rapp SR, Shumaker SA, et al. for the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. Conjugated equine estrogens and global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2004;291:2959-2968.

Estrogen-alone hormone therapy could increase risk of dementia in older women [Press release]. National Institutes of Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. June 22, 2004. Available at: http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/jun2004/nia-22.htm. Accessed December 3, 2004.

Freedman RR, Dinsay R. Clonidine raises the sweating threshold in symptomatic but not in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Fertility and Sterility. 2000;74(1):20-23.

Fugate SE, Church CO. Nonestrogen treatment modalities for vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2004;38(9):1482-1499.

Glud E, Kiaer SK, Thomsen BL, et al. Hormone therapy and the impact of estrogen intake on the risk of ovarian cancer. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2004;164(20):2253-2259.

Goetz MP, Loprinzi CL. A hot flash on tamoxifen metabolism. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2003;95(23):1734-1735.

Greendale GA, Judd HL. The menopause: health implications and clinical management. Journal of the American Geriatric Society. 1993;41:426-436.

Guttuso T Jr, Kurlan R, McDermott MP, Kieburtz K. Gabapentin's effects on hot flashes in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003;101(2):337-345.

Hammond CB. Climacteric. in: Scott JR, DiSaia PJ, Hammond CB, Spellacy WN (eds). Danforth's Obstetrics and Gynecology. 8th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins. 1999:677-97.

Hart JA. Menopause. MedLine Plus. Updated Feb 27, 2006. Available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000894.htm. Accessed August 20, 2007.

Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, et al: Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. JAMA 1998 Aug 19; 280(7): 605-613.

Laufer LR, Erlik Y, Meldrum DR, Judd HL. Effect of clonidine on hot flashes in postmenopausal women. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1982;60(5):583-586.

Loprinzi CL, Kugler JW, Sloan JA, et al. Venlafaxine in management of hot flashes in survivors of breast cancer: a randomised [sic] controlled trial. Lancet. 2000;356(9247):2059-2063.

Loprinzi CL, Sloan JA, Perez EA, et al. Phase III evaluation of fluoxetine for treatment of hot flashes. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2002;20(6):1578-1583.

Lourwood DL. Estrogen replacement therapy. In: Carter B, Angaran D, Sisca T eds. Pharmacotherapy self-assessment program: Module 5, Nephrology, endocrinology, and immunology. Kansas City: American College of Clinical Pharmacy 1993:189-202, 216-19 (Book A) and 41-46 (Book B).

Lourwood DL. Hormone replacement therapy. in: Carter B (ed). Pharmacotherapy Self-assessment Program. Kansas City: American College of Clinical Pharmacy. 1997.

Manson Je, Hsia PJ, Johnson KC, et al. Estrogen plus progrestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. New England Journal of Medicine 2003;349:523-534.

Medscape Today. ?Gabapentin May be as good as Estrogen for Hot Flushes.? Available online at: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/540317 Accessed August 10, 2006.

Menopause. eMedicine. Last Updated August 10, 2005. Available at: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/menopause/article_em.htm. Accessed August 20, 2007.

Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society. 2006 July/August: 13(4) Available online at: http://www.menopause.org/media/Menopause0706.pdf Accessed August 10, 2006.

Morelli V, Naquin C. Alternative therapies for traditional disease states: menopause. American Family Physician. 2002;66(1):129-134.

Nagamani M, Kelver ME, Smith ER. Treatment of menopausal hot flashes with transdermal administration of clonidine. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1987;156(3):561-565.

National Guideline Clearinghouse. Complete Summary. Available online at: http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?ss=15&doc_id=4544&nbr=3358 Accessed August 10, 2006.

National Institute of Complimentary and Alternative Medicine. Menopause clinical trials. Last modified July 31, 2007. Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/term=(NCCAM)+%5BSPONSOR%5D+(menopause)+%5BCONDITION%5D?recruiting=false. Accessed August 20, 2007.

The National Women's Health Information Center. Menopause. March 2006. Available at:http://www.4woman.gov/faq/menopaus.htm. Accessed August 20, 2007.

NHLBI stops trial of estrogen plus progestin due to increased breast cancer risk, lack of overall benefit [Press release]. National Institutes of Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. July 9, 2002. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/new/press/02-07-09.htm Accessed August 10, 2006.

North American Menopause Society. Position statement: Recommendations for estrogen and progestogen use in peri and postmenopausal women: October 2004 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society. 2004;11(6):589-600.

Pandya KJ, Raubertas RF, Flynn PJ, et al. Oral clonidine in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer experiencing tamoxifen-induced hot flashes: a University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program study. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2000;132(10):788-793.

Pandya KJ, Thummala AR, Griggs JJ, et al. Pilot study using gabapentin for tamoxifen-induced hot flashes in women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 2004;83(1):87-89.

Peterson HB, Thacker SB, Corso PS, Marchbanks PA, Koplan JP. Hormone therapy: making decisions in the face of uncertainty. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2004;164(21):2308-2312.

Philp HA. Hot flashes--a review of the literature on alternative and complementary treatment approaches. Alternative Medicine Review. 2003;8(3):284-302.

Rapp SR, Espeland MA, Shumaker SA, et al for the WHIMS Investigators. Effect of estrogen plus progestin on global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2003;289(20):2663-2672.

Rymer J, Morris EP. Extracts from Clinical Evidence: menopausal symptoms. British Medical Journal. 2002;321:1516-1519.

Rymer J, Wilson R, Ballard K. Making decisions about hormone replacement therapy. British Medical Journal. 2003;326(7384):322-326.

Sicat BL, Brokaw DK. Nonhormonal alternatives for the treatment of hot flashes. Pharmacotherapy. 2004;24(1):79-93.

Sikon A, Thacker HL. Treatment options for menopausal hot flashes. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 2004;71(7):578-582.

Speroff L. Controversial issues in menopausal management. In: Mishell DR, Kirschbaum TH, Morrow PC, et al (eds). The Yearbook of Obstetrics and Gynecology. St. Louis: Mosby Yearbook. 1993:19-61.

Stearns V, Beebe KL, Iyengar M, Dube E. Paroxetine controlled release in the treatment of menopausal hot flashes: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2003;289(21):2827-2834.

The North American Menopause Society. Understanding the Controversy: Hormone Testing and Bioidentical Hormones. Proceedings from the Postgraduate Course presented prior to the 17th Annual Meeting of The North American Menopause Society October 11, 2006. Available online at: http://www.menopause.org/edumaterials/PG06monogrpah.pdf. Accessed August 20, 2007.

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy for primary prevention of chronic conditions: recommendations and rationale. Annals of Intern Medicine; 137(10): 834-839.

WHI study finds no heart disease benefit, increased stroke risk with estrogen alone [Press release]. National Institutes of Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. April 30, 2004. Available at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/new/press/04-04-13.htm. Accessed December 3, 2004.

Writing group for the PEPI trial. Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. The postmenopausal estrogen/progestin interventions (PEPI) trial. JAMA 1995;273:199-208.

The American Heart Association. Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women: 2007 update. Circulation. 2007 Mar 20;115(11):1481-501. Epub 2007 Feb 19. Available at: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.181546. Accessed August 20, 2007.

Association of Women for the Advancement of Research and Education. Project AWARE: A website by women, for women... offering objective and comprehensive health information, especially related to menopause, perimenopause, and postmenopause. Available at: http://www.project-aware.org/index.shtml Accessed August 20, 2007

Vickers MR, MacLennan AH, Lawton B, et al. Main morbidities recorded in the women's international study of long duration oestrogen after menopause (WISDOM): a randomised controlled trial of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. BMJ. 2007 Aug 4;335(7613):239. Epub 2007 Jul 11

WHI Study of Younger Postmenopausal Women Links Estrogen Therapy to Less Plaque in Arteries [press release]. National Institutes of Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. June 20, 2007. Available at: http://public.nhlbi.nih.gov/newsroom/home/GetPressRelease.aspx?id=288 Accessed: August 20, 2007.

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Note: The above information is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of your physician, pharmacist, or other healthcare professional. It is not intended to diagnose a health condition, but it can be used as a guide to help you decide if you should seek professional treatment or to help you learn more about your condition once it has been diagnosed.

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